1,529 research outputs found
Conceptual development of a ground-based radio-beacon navigation system for use on the surface of the moon
A spread-spectrum radio-beacon navigation system for use on the lunar surface is described. The subjects discussed are principle of operation and specifications to include power requirements, operating frequencies, weight, size, and range
Accurate Noise Projection for Reduced Stochastic Epidemic Models
We consider a stochastic Susceptible-Exposed-Infected-Recovered (SEIR)
epidemiological model. Through the use of a normal form coordinate transform,
we are able to analytically derive the stochastic center manifold along with
the associated, reduced set of stochastic evolution equations. The
transformation correctly projects both the dynamics and the noise onto the
center manifold. Therefore, the solution of this reduced stochastic dynamical
system yields excellent agreement, both in amplitude and phase, with the
solution of the original stochastic system for a temporal scale that is orders
of magnitude longer than the typical relaxation time. This new method allows
for improved time series prediction of the number of infectious cases when
modeling the spread of disease in a population. Numerical solutions of the
fluctuations of the SEIR model are considered in the infinite population limit
using a Langevin equation approach, as well as in a finite population simulated
as a Markov process.Comment: 38 pages, 10 figures, new title, Final revision to appear in Chao
Bounds on the mass and abundance of dark compact objects and black holes in dwarf spheroidal galaxy halos
We establish new dynamical constraints on the mass and abundance of compact
objects in the halo of dwarf spheroidal galaxies. In order to preserve
kinematically cold the second peak of the Ursa Minor dwarf spheroidal (UMi
dSph) against gravitational scattering, we place upper limits on the density of
compact objects as a function of their assumed mass. The mass of the dark
matter constituents cannot be larger than 1000 solar masses at a halo density
in UMi's core of 0.35 solar masses/pc^3. This constraint rules out a scenario
in which dark halo cores are formed by two-body relaxation processes. Our
bounds on the fraction of dark matter in compact objects with masses >3000
solar masses improve those based on dynamical arguments in the Galactic halo.
In particular, objects with masses solar masses can comprise no
more than a halo mass fraction . Better determinations of the
velocity dispersion of old overdense regions in dSphs may result in more
stringent constraints on the mass of halo objects. For illustration, if the
preliminary value of 0.5 km/s for the secondary peak of UMi is confirmed,
compact objects with masses above solar masses could be excluded
from comprising all its dark matter halo.Comment: 6 pages, 2 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ Letter
Switching barrier scaling near bifurcation points for non-Gaussian noise
We study noise-induced switching of a system close to bifurcation parameter
values where the number of stable states changes. For non-Gaussian noise, the
switching exponent, which gives the logarithm of the switching rate, displays a
non-power-law dependence on the distance to the bifurcation point. This
dependence is found for Poisson noise. Even weak additional Gaussian noise
dominates switching sufficiently close to the bifurcation point, leading to a
crossover in the behavior of the switching exponent
Synchrotron emitting Komissarov torus around naked singularities
From a theoretical perspective, matter accretion processes around compact
objects are highly relevant as they serve as a natural laboratory to test
general relativity in the strong field regime. This enables us to validate
fundamental concepts such as the no-hair theorem, the cosmic censorship
hypothesis, and the existence of alternative solutions to Einstein's equations
that mimic the effects of black holes. In this study, we analyze the emission
spectra of geometrically thick accretion disks, referred to as Polish
doughnuts, around naked singularities described by the -metric. To begin, we
revisit the construction of equilibrium configurations of magnetized tori in
this spacetime and evaluate the role of the deformation parameter over these
configurations. Once we have systematically studied the disks in this
spacetime, we use the \texttt{OSIRIS} code to perform a backward ray-tracing
method, resulting in the first simulations of the intensity map and emission
profiles of magnetized tori within this metric. Furthermore, we validate the
effect of both the quadrupole moment and the angular momentum on observable
quantities such as flux and intensity for optically thin and thick disks, since
for values of , which correspond to objects with prolate deformation,
and which in turn, are constructed with higher values of angular momentum, the
emission spectrum exhibits higher intensity than that obtained for
Schwarzschild's spacetime. Hence, we find a first differential feature that
distinguishes tori formed around naked singularities from those around static
black holes.Comment: 27 pages, 9 figures. Accepted for publication in Classical and
Quantum Gravit
Bacterial and archaeal specific-predation in the North Atlantic Basin
© The Author(s), 2019. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Seyler, L. M., Tuorto, S., McGuinness, L. R., Gong, D., & Kerkhof, L. J. Bacterial and archaeal specific-predation in the North Atlantic Basin. Frontiers in Marine Science, 6, (2019): 555, doi:10.3389/fmars.2019.00555.Stable isotope probing (SIP) was used to track prokaryotic and eukaryotic carbon uptake along a meridional transect (Long. 52°W) in the North Atlantic to assess if 13C-resource partitioning between bacteria and archaea and 13C-labeled eukaryotic predators could be detected. One-liter SIP microcosms were amended with 13C-acetate or 13C-urea and incubated for 48 h. Our data indicated archaea often outcompeted bacteria for 13C-urea while both archaea and bacteria could incorporate 13C-acetate. This 13C label could also be tracked into eukaryotic microbes. The largest number of 13C-labeled eukaryotic OTUs, and the greatest percentage of eukaryotic 13C signal, were observed in conjunction with both archaeal and bacterial 13C incorporation, suggesting that most eukaryotic predators do not distinguish between archaeal and bacterial prey. However, other 13C-eukaryotic OTUs were exclusively associated with either 13C-archaeal or 13C-bacterial OTUs. These archaeal-specific and bacterial-specific 13C-eukaryotic OTUs were related to known bactivorous predators including Ancyromonas, Amastigomonas, Cafeteria, and Caecitellus. Our SIP findings suggest both resource partitioning between bacteria and TACK (Thaumarchaeota, Aigarchaeota, Crenarchaeota, and Korarchaeota) archaea and selective predation by eukaryotic predators. Determining the equalizing mechanisms for co-existence in the marine environment can help map predator/prey interactions to better estimate carbon flow in the deep ocean.This research was made possible through the support of the U.S Global Ocean Carbon and Repeat Hydrography Program and NSF Ocean Technology and Interdisciplinary Program grant (#1131022) to LK
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